Studies on performance enhancement through creatine intake

 

Creatine Publications:

 

Creatine general publications:

 

Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?

Authors: Jose Antonio1* , Darren G. Candow2 , Scott C. Forbes3 , Bruno Gualano4 , Andrew R. Jagim5 , Richard B. Kreider6 , Eric S. Rawson7 , Abbie E. Smith-Ryan8 , Trisha A. VanDusseldorp9 , Darryn S. Willoughby10 and Tim N. Ziegenfuss11

volume 18, Article number: 13 (2021) 

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 

https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w.pdf

 

Creatine for Life: in Health, Sport and Medicine

Issue Editors: Theo Wallimann, Roger Harris

Amino Acids All Volumes & Issues

Volume 48, Issue 8, August 2016

https://link.springer.com/journal/726/48/8/page/1

 

Creatine: a miserable life without it

Theo Wallimann & Roger Harris

Editorial Published: 15 July 2016

Amino Acids volume 48, pages 1739–1750(2016)

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00726-016-2297-x

 

The creatine kinase system and pleiotropic effects of creatine

Theo Wallimann, Malgorzata Tokarska-Schlattner & Uwe Schlattner

Invited Review Open Access Published: 30 March 2011

Amino Acids volume 40, pages 1271–1296(2011)

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00726-011-0877-3

 

Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the 'phosphocreatine circuit' for cellular energy homeostasis.

T Wallimann, M Wyss, D Brdiczka, K Nicolay, and H M Eppenberger

Biochem J. 1992 Jan 1; 281(Pt 1): 21–40.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1130636/

 

Entire list of publications by Prof. Dr. Theo Wallimann

http://publicationslist.org/theo.wallimann

 

Performance improvements in sports - the best researched dietary supplement at all

Review articles and opinions

Kreider, R. B., Kalman, D.S., Antonio, J., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Wildman, R., Collins, R., Candow, D.G., Kleiner, S. M., Almada, A. L. & Lopez, H. L. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14, 18.

https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z

 

Thomas, D.T.; Erdman, K.A.; Burke, L.M., Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance, J.Acad.Nutr.Diet. (2016), 116 (3), S. 501 – 528

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221226721501802X?viewFullText=true

 

Terjung RL, Clarkson P, Eichner ER, Greenhaff PL, Hespel PJ, Israel RG, Kraemer WJ, Meyer RA, Spriet  LL,  Tarnopolsky  MA,  Wagenmakers  AJ  and  Williams  MH,  2000.  American College of Sports Medicine roundtable. The physiological and health effects of oral creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 706-717.

https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2000/03000/Physiological_and_Health_Effects_of_Oral_Creatine.24.aspx

 

Effect of dietary supplements on lean mass and strength gains with resistance exercise: A meta-analysis. Nissen, S.L.; Sharp, R.L. (2003), 94 (2), S. 651 - 659

https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00755.2002

 

Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysis

Branch, J.D. Int.J.Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metabol. (2003), 13 (2), S. 198 - 226

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12945830

 

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to creatine and increase in physical performance during short‐term, high intensity, repeated exercise bouts (ID 739, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1525, 1526, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1922, 1923, 1924), increase in endurance capacity (ID 1527, 1535), and increase in endurance performance (ID 1521, 1963) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, EFSA Journal 2011;9(7): 2303.

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2303

 

Creatine in weight training

 

Volek, J.S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Staron, R. S., Putukian, M., Gomez, A. L., Pearson, D.R., Fink, W.J. & Kraemer, W.J. (1999). Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 1147–1156.

https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/1999/08000/Performance_and_muscle_fiber_adaptations_to.11.aspx

 

Brenner, M., Walberg Rankin, J. & Sebolt, D. (2000). The effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training in women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14, 207–213.

https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/abstract/2000/05000/the_effect_of_creatine_supplementation_during.15.aspx

 

Vandenberghe, K., Goris, M., van Hecke, P., van Leemputte, M., Vangerven, L. & Hespel, P. (1997). Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 83, 2055–2063.

https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.2055

 

Enette Larson-Meyer, D., Hunter, G. R., Trowbridge, C. A., Turk, J. C., Ernest, J. M., Torman, S. L. & Harbin, P.A. (2000). The effect of creatine supplementation on muscle strength and body composition during off-season training in female soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14, 434–442.

https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Abstract/2000/11000/The_Effect_of_Creatine_Supplementation_on_Muscle.11.aspx#pdf-link

 

Arciero, P.J., Hannibal 3rd, N.S., Nindl, B.C., Gentile, C. L., Hamed, J . & Vukovich, M.D. (2001). Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow. Metabolism, 50, 1429–1434.

https://www.metabolismjournal.com/article/S0026-0495(01)80994-X/pdf

 

Willoughby, D. S. & Rosene, J. (2001). Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myosin heavy chain expression. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1674–1681.

https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2001/10000/Effects_of_oral_creatine_and_resistance_training.10.aspx#pdf-link

 

Creatine in high-speed exercises such as football, basketball, etc.

 

Haff, G. G., Kirksey, K. B., Stone, M. H., Warren, B.J.Johnson, R. L., Stone, M., O'Bryant, H. & Proulx, C. (2000). The effect of 6 weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation on dynamic rate of force development. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14 (4), 426–433.

https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/abstract/2000/11000/the_effect_of_6_weeks_of_creatine_monohydrate.10.aspx#pdf-link

 

Ostojic, S. M. (2004). Creatine supplementation in young soccer players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 14, 95–103.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8552/c8dde9ca0db3efaee0abd93babbd98fafe80.pdf?_ga=2.46015520.566837585.1563266315-1959673618.1563266315

 

Cox, G., Mujika, I., Tumilty, D. & Burke, L. (2002). Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 12, 33–46.

http://www.humankinetics.com/acucustom/sitename/Documents/DocumentItem/606.pdf

 

Mohebbi, H., Rahnama, N., Moghadassi, M. & Ranjbar, K. (2012). Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint and skill performance in young soccer players. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12 (3), 397–401.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2fd0/dd0909210c0406e1648b51019521d5089f9d.pdf

 

Mujika, I., Padilla, S., Ibanez,J., Izquierdo, M. & Gorostiaga, E. (2000). Creatine supplementation and sprint performance in soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32 (2), 518–525.

http://www2.unavarra.es/gesadj/depCSalud/mikel_izquierdo/creatinamujika.pdf

 

Creatine during swimming, running etc.

 

Harris, R. C., Viru, M., Greenhaff, P. L. & Hultman, E. (1993). The effect of oral creatine supplementation on running performance during maximal short term exercise in man. Journal of Physiology, 467, 74

Link:

 

Havenetidis, K., Cooke, C., King, R. & Denison, T. (1996). Repeated creatine supplementation and swimming performance. Abstracts of the 1st Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, 566–567.

http://www.ecss.de/ASP/EDSS/C01/01-0237.pdf

 

Selsby, J.T., Beckett, K. D., Kern, M. & Devor, S.D. (2003). Swim performance following creatine supplementation in division III athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17,421–424.

https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Abstract/2003/08000/Swim_Performance_Following_Creatine.1.aspx

 

Peyrebrune, M. C., Nevill, M. E., Donaldson, F.J. & Cosford, D.J. (1998). The effects of oral creatine supplementation on performance in single and repeated sprint swimming. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16, 271–279.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/026404198366803

 

Theodorou, A. S., Cooke, C.B., King, R. F. G.J., Hood, C., Denison, T., Wainwright, B. G. & Havenetidis, K. (1999). The effect of longer-term creatine supplementation on elite swimming performance after an acute creatine loading. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 853–859.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/026404199365416

 

Ziegenfuss, T. N., Rogers, M., Lowery, L., Mullins, N., Mendel, R., Antonio, J. & Lemon, P. (2002). Effect of creatine loading on anaerobic performance and skeletal muscle volume in NCAA division I Athletes. Nutrition, 18(5), 397–402.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900701008024?viewFullText=true

 

Other factors such as heat, injuries, recovery after sports, etc.

 

Santos, R.V., Bassit, R.A., Caperuto, E. C. & Costa Rosa, L. F. (2004). The effect of creatine supplementation upon inflammatory and muscle soreness markers after a 30km race. Life Sciences, 75, 1917–1924.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320504005211?viewFullText=true

 

Byrnes, W. C. & Clarkson, P. M. (1986). Delayed onset muscle soreness and training. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 5, 605–614.

Link:

 

Volek, J.S., Mazzetti, S.A., Farquhar, W. B., Barnes, B. R., Gomez, A. L. & Kraemer, W.J. (2001). Physiological responses to short-term exercise in the heat after creatine loading. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1101 –1108.

https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2001/07000/Physiological_responses_to_short_term_exercise_in.6.aspx

 

Johnston, A. P., Burke, D. G., MacNeil, L. G. & Candow, D. G. (2009). Effect of creatine supplementation during cast-induced immobilization on the preservation of muscle mass, strength, and endurance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23, 116–120.

https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2009/01000/Effect_of_Creatine_Supplementation_During.19.aspx

 

Rahimi, R. (2011). Creatine supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by a single bout of resistance exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 3448–3455.

https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2011/12000/Creatine_Supplementation_Decreases_Oxidative_DNA.29.aspx#pdf-link

 

The effects of creatine supplementation and physical exercise on traumatic brain injury

Freire Royes, L.F.; Cassol, G.

Mini Rev.Med.Chem. (2015), 16 (1), S. 29 - 39

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/mrmc/2016/00000016/00000001/art00007

 

Creatine and Healthy Aging

Review articles and opinions

 

Clark, B. C. & Manini, T. M. (2010). Functional Consequences of Sarcopenia and Dynapenia in the Elderly. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 13 (3), 271 –276.

https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/Abstract/2010/05000/Functional_consequences_of_sarcopenia_and.11.aspx

 

Ethgen, O., Beaudart, C., Buckinx, F., Bruyère, O. & Reginster, J. Y. (2017). The Future Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Europe: A Claim for Public Health Action. Calcified Tissue International, 100 (3), 229–234.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00223-016-0220-9.pdf

 

MacDougall, J. D., Ward, G. R., Sale, D. G. & Sutton, J. R. (1977). Biochemical adaptation of human skeletal muscle to heavy resistance training and immobilization. Journal of Applied Physiology, 43, 700–703.

https://www.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/jappl.1977.43.4.700

 

Cruz-Jentoft, A.J., Baeyens, J . P., Bauer, J. M., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Landi, F., Martin, F. C., Michel, J. P., Rolland, Y., Schneider, S. M., Topinkova, E., Vandewoude, M. & Zamboni, M. (2010). Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age and Ageing, 39 (4), 412–423.

https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/39/4/412/8732

 

Devries, M. C. & Phillips, S. M. (2014). Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults-a meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46, 1194–1203.

https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2014/06000/Creatine_Supplementation_during_Resistance.16.aspx#pdf-link

 

Chilibeck, P. D., Chrusch, M.J., Chad, K. E., Davison, K. S. & Burke, D. G. (2005). Creatine monohydrate and resistance training increase bone mineral content and density in older men. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 9 (5), 352–355.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7544643_Creatine_monohydrate_and_resistance_training_increase_bone_mineral_content_and_density_in_older_men

 

Chrusch MJ, Chilibeck PD, Chad KE, Davison KS and Burke DG, 2001. Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33,

2111-2117.

https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2001/12000/Creatine_supplementation_combined_with_resistance.21.aspx

 

Pinto, C. L., Botelho, P. B., Carneiro, J. A. & Mota, J.F. (2016). Impact of creatine supplementation in combination with resistance training on lean mass in the elderly. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 7 (4), 413–421.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.12094

 

Pinto, C. L., Botelho, P. B., Carneiro, J. A. & Mota, J.F. (2016). Impact of creatine supplementation in combination with resistance training on lean mass in the elderly. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 7 (4), 413–421.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.12094

 

Wallimann,T. (2014). Positive Wirkung von Kreatin im Alter und für Rehabilitation. Schweizer Zeitschrift für Ernährungsmedizin, 1, 31 –32.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264043408_Positive_Wirkung_von_Kreatin_im_Alter_und_fur_Rehabilitation

 

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2016). Scientific opinion on creatine in combination with resistance training and improvement in muscle strength: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal, 14 (2), 4400.

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4400

 

Positive effects of creatine in older people - muscles and bones

 

Chilibeck, P. D., Chrusch, M.J., Chad, K. E., Davison, K. S. & Burke, D. G. (2005). Creatine monohydrate and resistance training increase bone mineral content and density in older men. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 9 (5), 352–355.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7544643_Creatine_monohydrate_and_resistance_training_increase_bone_mineral_content_and_density_in_older_men

 

Chilibeck, P.D., Candow, D.G., Landeryou, T., Kaviani, M. & Paus-Jenssen, L. (2015). Effects of creatine and resistance training on bone health in postmenopausal women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47 (8), 1587–1595.

https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2015/08000/Effects_of_Creatine_and_Resistance_Training_on.5.aspx

 

Creatine articles in the German trade and public press:

 

More energy, more efficiency:

KREATIN - warum, wann und für wen? SZE 2008

https://www.rosenfluh.ch/rosenfluh/stories/publikationen/sze/2008-05/11_Kreatin_5.08.pdf

 

Creatine from the inside and outside. Med Sports Network 2008:

http://publicationslist.org/data/theo.wallimann/ref-372/Cr-MedSportsNetw%20I-Muscle-power%20Kopie.pdf

 

Creatine is good for old bones. Switzerland Medicine Forum 2008:

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/14055/1/Gerber_Kreatin_V.pdf

 

Kreatin (in Medical Sports Network 2008):

http://www.medicalsportsnetwork.de/archiv/kreatin-im-sport/

 

Creatine in general medicine. Ars Medici 2009:

http://www.neurochirurgie.insel.ch/fileadmin/Neurochirurgie/lehre/Lab/Projekte/P2_Kreatin-Wallimann-review.pdf

 

Creatine - a future substance. Kieser Training Faktum 2012:

https://www.kre-mag.ch/files/10/11kreatineinesubstanzmitzukunftkiesertrainingastephan.pdf

 

Positive effects of creatine in old age and for rehabilitation. SZE 2013:

https://www.rosenfluh.ch/media/ernaehrungsmedizin/2014/01/Lesermeinung__Positive_Wirkung_von_Kreatin_im_Alter_und_fur_die_Rehabilitation.pdf

 

Creatine supplementation and kidney function: Pure creatine is not harmful to the kidneys.

Schweiz. Med. Forum (2013) :      

https://medicalforum.ch/article/doi/smf.2013.01671

 

Vegetarianism versus meat consumption. SZE 2014:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273145541_Vegetarismus_versus_Fleischkonsum_Vegetarianism_versus_Meat_Consumption

 

Creative creatine, DHZ 2017:

http://publicationslist.org/data/theo.wallimann/ref-371/Wallimann-2017%20Kreatives%20Kreatin%20DHZ.pdf

 

Wallimann,T. (2014). Positive Wirkung von Kreatin im Alter und für Rehabilitation. Schweizer Zeitschrift für Ernährungsmedizin, 1, 31 –32.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264043408_Positive_Wirkung_von_Kreatin_im_Alter_und_fur_Rehabilitation

 

 

Other

 

Eichmann, B. (2015). Hochintensives Muskeltraining bei Typ 2–Diabetes. Gesundheitsrelevante Auswirkungen eines Trainingsprogramms im Rahmen einer Crossover-Studie. Hamburg: Kovac.

Link:

 

Gualano, B., de Salles Painneli, V., Roschel, H., Artioli, G. G., Neves, M. Jr., de Sá Pinto, A. L., da Silva, M. E., Cunha, M.R., Otaduy, M.C., Leite, Cda C., Ferreira, J. C., Pereira, R. M., Brum, P.C., Bonfá, E. &Lancha, A. H. Jr. (2010). Creatine in Type 2 Diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43 (5), 770–778.

https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2011/05000/Creatine_in_Type_2_Diabetes__A_Randomized,.5.aspx

 

Dechent, P., Pouwels, P.J. W., Wilken, B., Hanefeld, F. &Frahm,J. (1999). Increase of total creatine in human brain after oral supplementation of creatine-monohydrate. American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 277, R698-R704.

https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.R698

 

Sappey-Marinier, D., Calabrese, G., Fein, G., Hugg, J.W., Biggins, C. & Weiner, M.W. (1992). Effect of photic stimulation on human visual cortex lactate and phosphates using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 12, 584–592.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1038/jcbfm.1992.82

 

Creatine supplementation, sleep deprivation, cortisol, melatonin and behavior

McMorris, T.; Howard, A.N.; Langridge, G.; Hall, B.; Corbett, J.; Dicks, M.; Hodgson, C.; Harris, R.C.

Physiol.Behav. (2007), 90 (1), S. 21 - 28

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938406003763?viewFullText=true

 

Creatine supplementation and cognitive performance in elderly individuals.

McMorris, T.; Harris, R.C.; Swain, J.P.; Howard, A.; Mielcarz, G.

Aging Neuropsychol.Cogn. (2007), 14 (5), S. 517 – 528

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13825580600788100

 

Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol Category Original Investigation

McMorris, T.; Swain, J.P.; Corbett, J.; Collard, K.; Dyson, R.J.; Dye, L.; Hodgson, C.; Draper, N.; Harris, R.C.

Psychopharmacol. (2006), 185 (1), S. 93 - 103

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00213-005-0269-z

 

Rae, CD.; Broeer, S., Creatine as a booster for human brain function. How might it work?, Neurochem.Int. (2015), 89 (), S. 249 – 259.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197018615300383?viewFullText=true