Inferior raw materials and manufacturing processes that are not continuously monitored or adapted to the product result in impurities such as creatinine, dicyandiamide, dihydrotriazine and if so thiourea.

Creatinine

Creatinine is a naturally occurring breakdown product of creatine that is excreted via the kidneys. Creatinine values usually serve as a marker for normal kidney function, so to prevent potential kidney problems as little creatinine as possible should be ingested, which means that the amount of creatinine in the starting product should also be as low as possible.

The content of creatinine in Creapure® is below the analytical limit of detection (<67 ppm), and therefore does not give reason to disturbances of health.

Dicyandiamide (DCD)

Product dust may cause temporary mechanical eye irritation. There are sporadic findings of hypersensitivity reactions in humans that indicate skin sensitization. Results of longerterm content toxicological studies indicate nonspecific effects. No carcinogenic potential could be determined. In-vitro studies on mutagenic properties were negative.

The literature refers to a tolerable daily intake of 1 mg/kg body weight for DCD. The content of DCD in Creapure® is lower than 30 ppm. The amount of DCD ingested with Creapure is in the range of merest traces and is irrelevant in terms of health.

Dihydrotriazine (DHT)

Dihydrotriazine is a compound with unknown pharmaceutical and toxicological properties. It is foreign to the human body. If inferior raw materials are used, DHT is produced as a byproduct of creatine production. Structurally similar compounds have exhibited carcinogenic properties.

Dihydrotriazine is undetectable in Creapure®.

Thiourea

Thiourea is harmful if swallowed and it has a possible risk of harm to the unborn child. Thyroid carcinomas, and tumors in the eye/ear/nose area and in the liver were observed in animal studies. In-vitro studies of mammalian cells showed weak genotoxic effects. Based on these results, thiourea was classified as a possible carcinogen, i.e. as a substance which cause concern for man owing to possible carcinogenic effects. Because of its toxicological profile, the use of thiourea and its numerous derivatives has been banned outright in different areas. For example, it is on the list of substances that are not allowed to be put in cosmetic products. Creapure® is produced using the “cyanamide process” patented by AlzChem. Thiourea and other harmful derivatives are undetectable in Creapure®.